Solar chemical technologies are developed for production of energy carriers such as syntehsis gas and liquid hydrocarbons, and low-emission production of commodity materials such as metals, lime, cement, ammonia, and carbon dioxide separation. Novel processes, materials, reactors and systems are designed and evaluated using numerical and experimental techniques. Of particular interest are thermochemical processes to obtain synthesis gas suitable for production of aviation kerosene, diesel and petrol by splitting water and carbon dioxide and by upgrading carbonaceous materials.